N'okpuru ụfụfụ nke biya amber dị n'ime otu ihe onwunwe osisi a na-anaghị eleda anya. Malite na narị afọ nke itoolu AD, ndị na-eme biya na Europe ji ya eme ihe dị ka ihe nchekwa sitere n'okike. Taa, ọ ghọwo ihe dị mkpa n'ịme biya na ilu na isi ya pụrụ iche. Ụdị osisi a bụ hops.
1. Hops: Ngwa ọgụ anwansi maka ime biya
Hop (Humulus lupulus), nke a makwaara dị ka snake hop, bụ osisi na-arị elu ruo mgbe ebighị ebi nke ezinụlọ Cannabaceae ma nwee ike itolite ruo ihe karịrị mita 7. O nwere nnukwu okooko osisi conical, nke a na-akpọ cones n'ihe gbasara osisi ma nwee okooko osisi resin dị nro, nke na-acha akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ. Mgbe ha toruru, a na-ekpuchi cones nke hops na gland anthocyanin nke na-ewepụta resin na mmanụ dị mkpa, na-emepụta ụtọ na isi pụrụ iche nke ụdị hop. A na-ahọrọkarị cones hop na ngwụcha Ọgọst ma ọ bụ na Septemba.
Kemgbe oge ochie, a na-eji hops eme ihe dị ka ahịhịa ọgwụ. N'oge ndị Rom, a na-eji hops eme ka ọrịa imeju na nsogbu nri dịkwuo mma. Kemgbe narị afọ nke 13, a na-ewere hops dị ka ọgwụ dị mma maka imeziwanye ahụ ọkụ na ọrịa splin na mpaghara Arab.
Ojiji hops na biya nwere ike ịpụta na Yuropu na narị afọ nke itoolu AD. Na mbụ, a na-etinye ha na biya n'ihi ihe nchekwa ha iji mee ka ndụ ha dịkwuo ogologo. N'oge Middle Ages, ndị na-eme biya na ụlọ ndị mọnk nke Germany chọpụtara na ọ nwere ike ịhazi ụtọ malt, mee ka biya nwee ilu na-eme ka obi dị ụtọ na isi dị ụtọ, wee si otú a guzobe ọnọdụ ya n'ịme biya. Taa, ihe dị ka pasent 98 nke hops a kụrụ akụ na-ejikarị eme ihe n'ụlọ ọrụ ime biya, United States bụkwa ụlọ ọrụ kacha emepụta hops n'ụwa.
2. Ọ bụghị naanị n'ịme mmanya, hops nwere ọtụtụ uru ndị ọzọ bara uru.
Hop, nke nwere ilu na isi pụrụ iche ha, aghọwo ihe dị mkpa maka ime biya. Agbanyeghị, uru ya karịrị nke a.
Nnyocha ọgbara ọhụrụ achọpụtala na hops nwere α-acids (karịsịa humulone) na β-acids (karịsịa humulone), flavonols (quercetin na kaempferol), flavonoid 3-oils (karịsịa catechins, epicatechins na proanthocyanidins), phenolic acids (ferulic acid), na obere obere nke isoprene flavonoids (fulvic acid). N'ime ha, alpha acids na beta acids bụ isi ihe na-akpata ilu nke hops.
Enyemaka maka ịrahụ ụra na iji ọgwụ eme ihe: Humulone dị na hops nwere ike ijikọ na ndị na-anabata GABA, na-ebelata nchekasị ma na-akwalite ụra. GABA dị na hops nwere ike ime ka ọrụ nke neurotransmitter GABA dịkwuo elu, si otú a na-egbochi sistemụ akwara etiti. Nnwale ihe nlereanya anụmanụ na-egosi na ntinye hop nke 2-milligram nwere ike ibelata ọrụ abalị na usoro circadian nke ọma. Na mmechi, mmetụta ahụ na-ebelata nrụgide nke hops bụ site na ọrụ ka mma nke ndị na-anabata GABA, bụ ndị na-akpata mbufe synaptic ngwa ngwa na ụbụrụ. Ugbu a, ndị mmadụ na-ejikọta hops na valerian iji mee tii na-eme ka ahụ dị jụụ.
Mmetụta antioxidant na mgbochi mkpali: Hops nwere biomolecules nwere nnukwu ike antioxidant dịka flavonols, rutin (quercetin-3-rutin glycoside), na astragaloside (kanophenol-3-glucoside), nke nwere ike igbochi mmebi nke ụdị oxygen reactive. Na mgbakwunye, xanthol dị na hops nwere ike iwepụ radicals free, gbochie ụzọ NF-κB, ma belata mbufụt na-adịghị ala ala (dịka ọrịa ogbu na nkwonkwo).
Ọgwụ nje: Kemgbe Ijipt oge ochie, a na-eji hops echekwa nri. α-acid dị ilu na β-acid dị na hops nwere ọrụ nje bacteria ma nwee ike igbochi uto nke ọtụtụ nje bacteria dị iche iche, gụnyere Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus epidermococcus, Streptococcus mutans na nje bacteria Gram-positive. Nke a bụkwa otu n'ime ihe kpatara biya ji dị nchebe karịa mmiri ọṅụṅụ. Na mgbakwunye na inye ya ihe ndị na-egbu nje bacteria, alpha-acid na-enyekwa aka ịnọgide na-enwe ụfụfụ nke biya.
Na-akwado ahụike ụmụ nwanyị: Hop isoprenylnaringin (nke sitere na fulminol na ihe ndị sitere na ya) nwere ike ịkwụghachi mbelata na ọkwa 17-β-estradiol n'oge nsọ nwanyị. Nkwadebe Hop nwere 8-isoprenylnaringin, nke bụ otu n'ime phytoestrogens siri ike a maara na alaeze osisi. Enwere ike iji nkwadebe Hop dị ka ihe nnọchi anya eke maka phytoestrogens n'oge nsọ nwanyị iji belata ọkụ ọkụ, enweghị ike ihi ụra na mgbanwe ọnọdụ uche. Nnyocha metụtara ụmụ nwanyị 63 gosiri na iji nkwadebe hop nwere ike ibelata mgbaàmà vasomotor metụtara nsọ nwanyị na ọkụ ọkụ.
Ichebe akwara: Nnyocha achọpụtala na hop terpenes nwere ike ịbanye n'ime ihe mgbochi ọbara-ụbụrụ, chebe akwara, nye nchebe mgbochi mkpali maka ụbụrụ, ma belata nrụgide oxidative. Nnyocha ọzọ chọpụtara na hop isoalphaic acid nwere ike ime ka ebe nchekwa hippocampal dabere na ọrụ ọgụgụ isi yana ọrụ ọgụgụ isi metụtara prefrontal cortex dịkwuo mma site na ịgbalite nnyefe akwara dopamine. Acid ilu dị na hops nwere ike ime ka ọrụ ncheta dịkwuo mma site na usoro nke norepinephrine neurotransmission na-akwado. Hop isoalphaic acid nwere ike ibelata mbufụt neuroinflammation na nkwarụ ọgụgụ isi na ụdị ọrịa neurodegenerative dị iche iche nke oke, gụnyere ọrịa Alzheimer.
3. Itinye hops n'ọrụ
Ndekọ Mordor na-egosi na a na-eme atụmatụ na ahịa hop ga-eru ijeri dọla US 9.18 na 2025, a na-atụkwa anya na ọ ga-eru ijeri dọla US 12.69 ka ọ na-erule 2030, yana mmụba kwa afọ nke 6.70% n'oge amụma (2025-2030). N'ihi mmụba nke oriri biya, usoro nke biya nka na mmepe nke ụdị hop ọhụrụ, a na-atụ anya na ahịa hop ga-anọgide na-eto.
Ahụike Dị Mma
Mkpọpụ elukapsụl ndị anaghị eri anụewepụtala ngwaahịa a. Ngwaahịa a nwere mmetụta na-eme ka ahụ dị jụụ ma na-enyere aka n'ụra.
Oge ozi: Juun-24-2025