Ka ndị mmadụ na-aka nká, mbelata nke ọrụ ụbụrụ na-apụtawanye ìhè. N'ime ndị nọ n'afọ 20-49, ọtụtụ na-amalite ịhụ mbelata nke ọrụ ọgụgụ isi mgbe ha na-echefu ncheta ma ọ bụ chefuo. Maka ndị nọ n'afọ 50-59, nhụta nke ịda mbà n'obi na-abịakarị mgbe ha na-amalite ịhụ ọdịda a na-ahụ anya na ebe nchekwa.
Mgbe ị na-enyocha ụzọ isi kwalite ọrụ ụbụrụ, afọ dị iche iche na-elekwasị anya n'akụkụ dị iche iche. Ndị nọ n'afọ 20-29 na-elekwasị anya n'ịkwalite ụra iji kwalite arụmọrụ ụbụrụ (44.7%), ebe ndị nọ n'afọ 30-39 nwere mmasị na ibelata ike ọgwụgwụ (47.5%). Maka ndị nọ n'afọ 40-59, a na-ewere nlebara anya na-emewanyewanye ka ọ bụ isi ihe na-eme ka ọrụ ụbụrụ dịkwuo elu (afọ 40-49: 44%, 50-59 afọ: 43.4%).
Ngwa ndị ama ama n'ahịa ahụike Brain Japan
N'ikwekọ na usoro zuru ụwa ọnụ nke ịchụso ibi ndụ ahụike, ahịa nri Japan na-arụ ọrụ na-emesi azịza maka nsogbu ahụike akọwapụtara, yana ahụike ụbụrụ bụ isi ihe dị mkpa. Ka ọ na-erule Disemba 11, 2024, Japan edebanyela nri na-arụ ọrụ 1,012 (dị ka data gọọmentị siri kwuo), nke 79 metụtara ahụike ụbụrụ. N'ime ndị a, GABA bụ ihe a na-ejikarị eme ihe, sochiri yalutein/zeaxanthinwepụ akwukwo ginkgo (flavonoids, terpenoids),DHA, Bifidobacterium MCC1274, Portulaca oleracea saponins, paclitaxel, imidazolidine peptides,PQQ, na ergothionine.
1. GABA
GABA (γ-aminobutyric acid) bụ amino acid na-abụghị proteinogenic nke mbụ chọpụtara site na Steward na ndị ọrụ ibe na nduku tuber anụ ahụ na 1949. Na 1950, Roberts et al. Achọpụtara GABA n'ime ụbụrụ mammalian, nke etolite site na α-decarboxylation nke glutamate ma ọ bụ nnu ya, nke glutamate decarboxylase na-eme ka a na-emegharị ya.
GABA bụ neurotransmitter dị oke egwu nke a chọtara nke ukwuu na sistemu ụjọ mammalian. Ọrụ ya bụ isi bụ ibelata excitability neuronal site na igbochi nnyefe nke akara akwara. N'ime ụbụrụ, nguzozi n'etiti inhibitory neurotransmission nke GABA na-atụgharị na neurotransmission na-akpali akpali nke glutamate na-eme ka ọ dị mkpa maka ịkwado nkwụsi ike nke akpụkpọ ahụ cell na ọrụ akwara nkịtị.
Nnyocha na-egosi na GABA nwere ike igbochi mgbanwe neurodegenerative ma melite ebe nchekwa na ọrụ ọgụgụ isi. Ọmụmụ anụmanụ na-atụ aro na GABA na-eme ka ebe nchekwa dị ogologo oge na ụmụ oke nwere mbelata uche ma na-akwalite mmụba nke mkpụrụ ndụ neuroendocrine PC-12. N'ime ule ụlọ ọgwụ, egosila GABA ka ọ na-abawanye ọkwa ụbụrụ ụbụrụ na-enweta neurotrophic (BDNF) ma belata ihe ize ndụ nke dementia na ọrịa Alzheimer na ụmụ nwanyị ndị agadi.
Na mgbakwunye, GABA nwere mmetụta dị mma na ọnọdụ, nchekasị, ike ọgwụgwụ, na ụra. Nnyocha na-egosi na ngwakọta nke GABA na L-theanine nwere ike ibelata nkwụsị ụra, mee ka oge ụra dịkwuo elu, ma kwalite okwu GABA na glutamate GluN1 subunits.
2. Lutein/Zeaxanthin
luteinbụ carotenoid oxygenated nke mejupụtara ihe fọdụrụ nke isoprene asatọ, polyene na-adịghị edozi nke nwere agbụ abụọ nke itoolu, nke na-amịkọrọ ma na-enye ìhè na ogologo ogologo ogologo, na-enye ya àgwà agba pụrụ iche.Zeaxanthinbụ isomer nke lutein, dị iche na ọnọdụ nke njikọ abụọ na mgbanaka.
Lutein na zeaxanthinbụ isi pigmenti na retina. A na-achọta lutein na mpaghara retina, ebe zeaxanthin na-elekwasị anya na macula Central. Mmetụta nchebe nke lutein na zeaxanthin maka anya gụnyere imeziwanye ọhụụ, igbochi afọ mgbu macular degeneration (AMD), cataracts, glaucoma, na igbochi retinopathy na ụmụ ọhụrụ akabeghị aka.
Na 2017, ndị nchọpụta sitere na Mahadum Georgia chọpụtara na lutein na zeaxanthin na-emetụta ahụike ụbụrụ nke ọma na ndị okenye. Ọmụmụ ihe ahụ gosiri na ndị na-eso ya nwere ọkwa dị elu nke lutein na zeaxanthin gosipụtara ọrụ ụbụrụ dị ala mgbe ha na-arụ ọrụ ncheta okwu-ụzọ abụọ, na-atụ aro ịrụ ọrụ nke ọma dị elu.
Ọzọkwa, otu nnyocha kọrọ na Lutemax 2020, ihe mgbakwunye lutein sitere na Omeo, mụbara ọkwa nke BDNF (ihe na-akpata ụbụrụ ụbụrụ), protein dị oke mkpa na-etinye aka na plasticity neural, ma dị oke mkpa maka uto na ọdịiche nke neurons, yana jikọtara ya na ya. emelitere mmụta, ebe nchekwa na ọrụ ọgụgụ isi.
(Ụkpụrụ nhazi nke lutein na zeaxanthin)
3. Mpempe akwụkwọ Ginkgo (Flavonoids, Terpenoids)
Ginkgo biloba, naanị ụdị dị ndụ na ezinụlọ ginkgo, a na-akpọkarị "fossil dị ndụ." A na-ejikarị akwụkwọ ya na mkpụrụ osisi eme ihe n'ime nyocha gbasara ọgwụ na ọ bụ otu n'ime ọgwụ okike ndị a na-ejikarị eme ihe n'ụwa nile. Ogige ndị na-arụ ọrụ na mpempe akwụkwọ ginkgo bụ flavonoids na terpenoids, nke nwere ihe ndị dị ka mbelata lipid, mmetụta antioxidant, imeziwanye ebe nchekwa, na-ebelata anya anya, na-echebe megide mmebi imeju kemịkalụ.
Otu akwụkwọ ahụike nke World Health Organisation na osisi ọgwụ na-akọwapụta nke a haziri ahaziginkgoMkpokọta akwukwo kwesịrị inwe 22-27% flavonoid glycosides na 5-7% terpenoids, yana ọdịnaya ginkgolic acid n'okpuru 5 mg / kg. Na Japan, Health and Nutrition Food Association ewepụtala ụkpụrụ dị mma maka mwepụ akwụkwọ ginkgo, chọrọ ọdịnaya flavonoid glycoside opekata mpe 24% yana ọdịnaya terpenoid dịkarịa ala 6%, yana ginkgolic acid debere n'okpuru 5 ppm. Nri a na-atụ aro kwa ụbọchị maka ndị okenye bụ n'etiti 60 na 240 mg.
Nnyocha egosiwo na ogologo oge iji wepụ akwụkwọ ginkgo ahaziri ahazi, ma e jiri ya tụnyere placebo, nwere ike ịkwalite ụfọdụ ọrụ ọgụgụ isi, gụnyere izi ezi ebe nchekwa na ikike ikpe. Ọzọkwa, a kọwapụtala wepụ ginkgo iji meziwanye ọbara na ụbụrụ ụbụrụ.
4. DHA
DHA (docosahexaenoic acid) bụ omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) nwere ogologo yinye. Ọ bara ụba na nri mmiri na ngwaahịa ha, ọkachasị azụ nwere abụba, nke na-enye 0.68-1.3 grams DHA kwa gram 100. Nri sitere n'anụmanụ dịka akwa na anụ nwere obere DHA. Na mgbakwunye, mmiri ara ara mmadụ na mmiri ara ehi ndị ọzọ nwekwara DHA. Nnyocha na ihe karịrị ụmụ nwanyị 2,400 n'ofe ọmụmụ 65 chọpụtara na nkezi itinye uche nke DHA na mmiri ara ara bụ 0.32% nke ngụkọta abụba acid dị arọ, sitere na 0.06% ruo 1.4%, yana ndị bi n'ụsọ oké osimiri nwere oke DHA na mmiri ara ara.
DHA jikọtara ya na mmepe ụbụrụ, ọrụ, na ọrịa. Nnyocha sara mbara na-egosi na DHA nwere ike ịkwalite neurotransmission, uto neuronal, plasticity synapti, na ntọhapụ neurotransmitter. Nnyocha meta nke nnwale 15 a na-achịkwa nke enweghị usoro gosiri na nkezi nri kwa ụbọchị nke 580 mg nke DHA mere ka ebe nchekwa episodic dịkwuo mma na ndị okenye nwere ahụike (18-90 afọ) yana ndị nwere nhụsianya dị nro.
Usoro DHA nke omume gụnyere: 1) iweghachi nha n-3/n-6 PUFA; 2) igbochi neuroinflammation metụtara afọ nke M1 microglial cell overactivation kpatara; 3) na-egbochi A1 astrocyte phenotype site na ibelata akara A1 dị ka C3 na S100B; 4) na-egbochi ụzọ proBDNF/p75 nke ọma na-enweghị mgbanwe nrịbama kinase B nke ụbụrụ na-enweta na ụbụrụ neurotrophic; na 5) na-akwalite ndụ neuronal site n'ịbawanye ọkwa phosphatidylserine, nke na-eme ka protein kinase B (Akt) gbanwee akpụkpọ ahụ na ịgbalite.
5. Bifidobacterium MCC1274
Egosiputara eriri afọ, nke a na-akpọkarị "ụbụrụ nke abụọ," ka ya na ụbụrụ na-emekọrịta ihe dị mkpa. eriri afọ, dị ka akụkụ nwere mmegharị ahụ kwụụrụ onwe ya, nwere ike ịrụ ọrụ n'onwe ya na-enweghị ntuziaka ụbụrụ kpọmkwem. Otú ọ dị, a na-ejigide njikọ dị n'etiti eriri afọ na ụbụrụ site na usoro nhụjuanya nke autonomic, ihe mgbaàmà nke hormonal, na cytokines, na-eme ihe a maara dị ka "gut-brain axis."
Nnyocha e mere ekpughere na nje bacteria na-ekere òkè n'ịchịkọta protein β-amyloid, bụ isi ihe nrịbama ọrịa na ọrịa Alzheimer. E jiri ya tụnyere njikwa ahụike, ndị ọrịa Alzheimer ebelatala ụdị microbiota dị iche iche, yana mbelata nke Bifidobacterium n'ụba.
N'ime ihe ọmụmụ ntinye aka nke mmadụ na ndị mmadụ nwere nhụsianya dị nro (MCI), oriri nke Bifidobacterium MCC1274 na-eme ka arụmọrụ ụbụrụ dịkwuo mma na Rivermead Behavioral Memory Test (RBANS). Akara mpaghara dị ka ebe nchekwa ozugbo, ikike ịhụ anya, nhazi mgbagwoju anya, na ebe nchekwa na-egbu oge ka emekwara nke ọma.
Oge nzipu: Jan-06-2025