Ka ndị mmadụ na-aka nká, ọrụ ụbụrụ ha na-ebelata nke ukwuu. N'etiti ndị dị afọ 20-49, ọtụtụ n'ime ha na-amalite ịhụ mbelata n'ọrụ uche ha mgbe ha na-enwe mfu ncheta ma ọ bụ ichefu ihe. Maka ndị dị afọ 50-59, nghọta nke mbelata uche na-abụkarị mgbe ha malitere inwe mbelata a na-ahụ anya na ncheta.
Mgbe a na-achọ ụzọ isi mee ka ọrụ ụbụrụ ka mma, ndị dị afọ dị iche iche na-elekwasị anya n'akụkụ dị iche iche. Ndị dị afọ 20-29 na-elekwasị anya n'ịkwalite ụra iji mee ka ọrụ ụbụrụ dịkwuo mma (44.7%), ebe ndị dị afọ 30-39 na-enwekarị mmasị n'ibelata ike ọgwụgwụ (47.5%). Maka ndị dị afọ 40-59, ime ka nlebara anya dịkwuo mma bụ ihe dị mkpa maka ime ka ọrụ ụbụrụ ka mma (afọ 40-49: 44%, afọ 50-59: 43.4%).
Ihe ndị a ma ama n'ahịa ahụike ụbụrụ nke Japan
Dịka usoro ụwa si dị n'ịgbaso ụdị ndụ dị mma, ahịa nri bara uru nke Japan na-emesi ike karịsịa maka ngwọta maka nsogbu ahụike ụfọdụ, ebe ahụike ụbụrụ bụ isi ihe dị mkpa. Ka ọ na-erule Disemba 11, 2024, Japan edebanyela nri bara uru 1,012 (dịka data gọọmentị si kwuo), nke 79 metụtara ahụike ụbụrụ. N'ime ndị a, GABA bụ ihe a na-ejikarị eme ihe, nke sochiri yalutein/zeaxanthin, ihe ewepụtara n'akwụkwọ ginkgo (flavonoids, terpenoids),DHA, Bifidobacterium MCC1274, Portulaca oleracea saponins, paclitaxel, imidazolidine peptides,PQQ, na ergothioneine.
1. GABA
GABA (γ-aminobutyric acid) bụ amino acid na-abụghị proteinogenic nke Steward na ndị ọrụ ibe ya chọpụtara na mbụ n'ime anụ ahụ potato tuber na 1949. Na 1950, Roberts et al. chọpụtara GABA n'ime ụbụrụ anụmanụ, nke e mepụtara site na α-decarboxylation nke glutamate ma ọ bụ nnu ya, nke glutamate decarboxylase na-akwalite.
GABA bụ akwara ozi dị oke mkpa nke a na-ahụ n'ọtụtụ ebe n'ime sistemụ akwara anụ ahụ. Isi ọrụ ya bụ ibelata mkpali akwara ozi site n'igbochi nnyefe nke mgbaàmà akwara ozi. N'ụbụrụ, nguzozi dị n'etiti neurotransmission inhibitory nke GABA na-akwado na excitatory neurotransmission nke glutamate na-akwado dị mkpa iji nọgide na-enwe nkwụsi ike nke akpụkpọ ahụ na ọrụ akwara nkịtị.
Nnyocha na-egosi na GABA nwere ike igbochi mgbanwe neurodegenerative ma melite ọrụ ncheta na nghọta. Ọmụmụ anụmanụ na-egosi na GABA na-eme ka ncheta ogologo oge ka mma n'ime òké na-ebelata nghọta ma na-akwalite mmụba nke mkpụrụ ndụ neuroendocrine PC-12. N'ime nnwale ahụike, egosila na GABA na-eme ka ọkwa neurotrophic factor (BDNF) nke sitere na serum dịkwuo elu ma na-ebelata ihe ize ndụ nke isi mgbaka na ọrịa Alzheimer n'ime ụmụ nwanyị dị afọ etiti.
Tinyere nke ahụ, GABA nwere mmetụta dị mma n'ọnọdụ uche, nrụgide, ike ọgwụgwụ, na ụra. Nnyocha na-egosi na ngwakọta nke GABA na L-theanine nwere ike ibelata oge ụra, mee ka oge ụra dịkwuo elu, ma mee ka ngosipụta nke GABA na glutamate GluN1 receptor subunits dịkwuo mma.
2. Lutein/Zeaxanthin
Luteinbụ carotenoid nwere oxygen nke mejupụtara ihe fọdụrụ isoprene asatọ, polyene na-enweghị afọ ojuju nke nwere njikọ abụọ itoolu, nke na-amịkọrọ ma na-ewepụta ìhè na ogologo ebili mmiri ụfọdụ, na-enye ya njirimara agba pụrụ iche.Zeaxanthinbụ isomer nke lutein, dị iche na ọnọdụ nke njikọ abụọ dị na mgbanaka ahụ.
Lutein na zeaxanthinbụ agba ndị bụ isi dị na retina. A na-ahụkarị lutein na retina dị n'akụkụ, ebe zeaxanthin dị n'etiti macula. Mmetụta nchebe nkelutein na zeaxanthinMaka anya, gụnyere ime ka anya dịkwuo mma, igbochi mmebi anya nke metụtara afọ (AMD), cataracts, glaucoma, na igbochi retinopathy na ụmụ ọhụrụ a na-amụbeghị amụ.
Na 2017, ndị nchọpụta si Mahadum Georgia chọpụtara nalutein na zeaxanthinỌmụmụ ihe ahụ gosiri na ndị sonyere nwere ọkwa dị elu nke nsogbu ụbụrụ.lutein na zeaxanthingosipụtara obere ọrụ ụbụrụ mgbe ọ na-arụ ọrụ ncheta okwu na otu ụzọ, nke na-egosi na ọ na-arụ ọrụ akwara dị elu.
Ọzọkwa, otu nnyocha kọrọ na Lutemax 2020, ihe mgbakwunye lutein sitere na Omeo, mụbara ọkwa BDNF (ihe na-akpata neurotrophic nke ụbụrụ), protein dị mkpa nke na-etinye aka na plasticity akwara, ma dịkwa mkpa maka uto na ọdịiche nke neurons, yana njikọ ya na mmụba mmụta, ncheta, na ọrụ nghọta.
(Usoro nhazi nke lutein na zeaxanthin)
3. Ihe e si na Ginkgo Leaf Extract (Flavonoids, Terpenoids)
Ginkgo biloba, otu ụdị mkpụrụ ndụ dị ndụ n'ezinụlọ ginkgo, a na-akpọkarị ya "ihe dị ndụ." A na-ejikarị akwụkwọ na mkpụrụ ya eme ihe n'inyocha ọgwụ ma bụrụ otu n'ime ọgwụ ndị e ji eme ihe n'ụwa niile. Ihe ndị na-arụ ọrụ na ihe e si na ya wepụta n'akwụkwọ ginkgo bụ flavonoids na terpenoids, bụ́ ndị nwere ihe ndị dị ka inye aka belata lipid, mmetụta antioxidant, ime ka ebe nchekwa dịkwuo mma, ibelata nsogbu anya, na inye nchebe megide mmebi imeju kemịkal.
Akwụkwọ akụkọ nke Òtù Ahụ Ike Ụwa (WHO) dere gbasara osisi ọgwụ na-akọwapụta na a na-ahazi nke ọma.ginkgoIhe ndị e si n'akwụkwọ wepụta kwesịrị ịnwe 22-27% flavonoid glycosides na 5-7% terpenoids, ebe ọdịnaya ginkgolic acid dị n'okpuru 5 mg/kg. Na Japan, Health and Nutrition Food Association ewepụtala ụkpụrụ dị mma maka ihe e si n'akwụkwọ ginkgo wepụta, nke chọrọ ka ọdịnaya flavonoid glycoside dị ma ọ dịkarịa ala 24% na ọdịnaya terpenoid dị ma ọ dịkarịa ala 6%, ebe a na-edebe ginkgolic acid n'okpuru 5 ppm. Ihe a na-atụ aro kwa ụbọchị maka ndị toro eto bụ n'etiti 60 na 240 mg.
Nnyocha egosila na iri ihe e ji mkpụrụ osisi ginkgo eme ihe ogologo oge, ma e jiri ya tụnyere placebo, nwere ike ime ka ọrụ ọgụgụ isi ụfọdụ ka mma nke ukwuu, gụnyere izi ezi nke ebe nchekwa na ikike ikpe ikpe. Ọzọkwa, a kọwo na ihe e ji osisi ginkgo eme ka ọbara na ọrụ ụbụrụ ka mma.
4. DHA
DHA(docosahexaenoic acid) bụ omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) nke nwere omega-3 ogologo-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA). Ọ bara ụba na nri mmiri na ngwaahịa ha, ọkachasị azụ̀ abụba, nke na-enye gram 0.68-1.3 nke DHA kwa gram 100. Nri anụmanụ dịka àkwá na anụ nwere obere DHA. Na mgbakwunye, mmiri ara mmadụ na mmiri ara anụmanụ ndị ọzọ nwekwara DHA. Nnyocha e mere na ihe karịrị ụmụ nwanyị 2,400 n'ime ọmụmụ 65 chọpụtara na nkezi mkpokọta DHA na mmiri ara bụ 0.32% nke mkpokọta abụba acid, site na 0.06% ruo 1.4%, ebe ndị bi n'ụsọ oké osimiri nwere oke DHA kachasị elu na mmiri ara ara.
DHA na-ejikọta ya na mmepe ụbụrụ, ọrụ ya, na ọrịa. Nnyocha sara mbara na-egosi naDHAnwere ike ime ka usoro mgbasa ozi akwara ozi, uto akwara ozi, ike synaptic, na ntọhapụ nke neurotransmitter dịkwuo mma. Nnyocha meta nke nnwale 15 a na-achịkwa n'usoro gosiri na nkezi oriri kwa ụbọchị nke 580 mg nke DHA mere ka ebe nchekwa episodic dịkwuo mma nke ukwuu n'ime ndị okenye nwere ahụike (afọ 18-90) na ndị nwere obere nsogbu nghọta.
Usoro DHA ji arụ ọrụ gụnyere: 1) iweghachi oke n-3/n-6 PUFA; 2) igbochi mbufụt neuroinflammation nke afọ nke mkpụrụ ndụ microglial M1 kpatara; 3) igbochi ụdị astrocyte A1 site na ibelata akara A1 dị ka C3 na S100B; 4) igbochi ụzọ mgbaàmà proBDNF/p75 nke ọma n'agbanweghị mgbaàmà kinase B nke sitere na ụbụrụ; na 5) ịkwalite ndụ neuronal site na ịbawanye ọkwa phosphatidylserine, nke na-eme ka ntụgharị na ịgbalite akpụkpọ ahụ protein kinase B (Akt) dị mfe.
5. Bifidobacterium MCC1274
A na-egosi na afọ, nke a na-akpọkarị "ụbụrụ nke abụọ," nwere mmekọrịta dị ukwuu na ụbụrụ. Afọ, dị ka akụkụ ahụ nwere mmegharị onwe ya, nwere ike ịrụ ọrụ n'adabereghị na ya na-enweghị ntuziaka ụbụrụ kpọmkwem. Agbanyeghị, njikọ dị n'etiti afọ na ụbụrụ na-adịgide site na sistemụ akwara autonomic, mgbaàmà homonụ, na cytokines, na-emepụta ihe a maara dị ka "axis gut-brain."
Nnyocha egosila na nje bacteria n'afọ na-arụ ọrụ n'ịchịkọta protein β-amyloid, nke bụ isi ihe na-egosi ọrịa Alzheimer. Ma e jiri ya tụnyere ndị nwere ahụike, ndị nwere Alzheimer ebelatala ụdị microbiota dị iche iche n'ime eriri afọ, yana mbelata na oke Bifidobacterium.
N'ọmụmụ ihe gbasara ndị mmadụ na-eme gbasara ndị nwere obere nsogbu nghọta (MCI), iri Bifidobacterium MCC1274 mere ka arụmọrụ nghọta dịkwuo mma na ule ebe nchekwa àgwà Rivermead (RBANS). Akara ndị dị na mpaghara dịka ebe nchekwa ozugbo, ikike ịhụ ihe na oghere, nhazi mgbagwoju anya, na ebe nchekwa na-egbu oge ka mma nke ukwuu.
Oge ozi: Jenụwarị-07-2025